Infrastructure 4.0:
Achieving Better Outcomes
with Technology and Systems Thinking
In the late 18th Century with Infra 1.0, Water and steam-powered machines were developed to help workers in the mass production
of goods. The beginning of the 20th century marked the start of the second industrial revolution –
Industry 2.0. The main contributor to this revolution was the development of machines
running on electrical energy. The next industrial revolution resulting in Industry 3.0 was brought about and spurred by
the advances in the electronics industry in the last few decades of the 20th century. Currently , Industry 4.0 is still at a nascent stage and the industries are still in the
transition state of adoption of the new technologies .
Our world can be understood as a series of interlocking systems. Infrastructure is but one of these systems that, when connected with many others, provides opportunities and support to help humans live, essentially transforming infrastructure into a service that connects the built environment to the human world and the natural sphere. This connection makes infrastructure critical to human success.